Types of stone cuts
In total, there are 3 types of cuts (facet, circle and cabochon), which number more than 250 varieties. The choice of processing depends on many factors, such as the type and size of the mineral, its hardness, purity, optical properties and, of course, the skill of the cutter.
The history of gem processing dates back to antiquity and continues to this day. During this time, craftsmen have created more than one device for giving beautiful shapes to precious minerals, and there are hundreds of types of stone cuts. Why is there such diversity and what are the most popular processing methods?
We will look at several of the most spectacular types of cutting of semi-precious stones.
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Circle — This is a classic, especially in diamond cutting. The shape is highly valued in the market. Its most popular variety and standard is the diamond cut with 57 facets, 33 of which make up the crown. It is used for working with large gems. On smaller ones, from 33 to 17 sides are created.
Oval — modification of a circle with the same number of sides. Appeared in the second half of the 20th century. Thanks to the larger area, it allows you to better reveal the properties of the stone.
Pear — another modification of the circle, similar to a drop. Features a flat base with 1 acute angle. Has 1 less face than a circle. Known since the 15th century.
Emerald — a stepped rectangular treatment that takes its name from the gem for which it was created. It is considered one of the oldest types of stone cutting and has been known since the 13th century. It has 8 facets in the girdle. The total number of faces is usually 65. The large platform of “Emerald” allows you to maximize the beauty of transparent minerals with a high level of purity.
Asher — A variety of emerald cut that has a square shape and more tiers. This type of cut was invented by the Asscher brothers, hence the name. Asscher cut diamonds were very popular back in the 1920s, which is why they are mostly seen in antique stores.
Princess — a more elegant and iridescent variety of the square cut. It differs from the classic “square” in a different direction of the ribs. They are created both along the outer contour and in the center of the gem. The number of faces is 49, 57 or 65. Varieties – “Nissen”, “Quadrillion”, “Bagvillion”.
Marquis — a type of diamond-cut stone similar to the shape of a biangular boat. Number of sides 55–57. According to legend, this form was created in France during the reign of Louis XV to process a gem as a gift to the king’s favorite, Marquise De Pompadour.
Heart — romantic shape with sophisticated diamond processing technology. According to the standard, there are at least 57 sides, so large minerals are taken to create the heart. Used since the 16th century.
